GOLPP in Dogs: Symptoms, Causes, Breeds at Risk, and Treatment Options
Geriatric Onset Laryngeal Paralysis and Polyneuropathy (GOLPP) is a condition that affects older dogs, gradually impacting their ability to breathe, swallow, and walk. It's often mistaken for normal aging, but it’s far from a benign part of growing old. Understanding the signs, causes, risk factors, and treatment options can help dog owners take timely action to support their pets' health and quality of life.
GOLPP is more than a single issue. It involves multiple systems in the body, primarily the larynx (voice box) and peripheral nerves. On this page, we’ll take a thorough look at what GOLPP is, how it shows up in dogs, which breeds are more likely to develop it, and what you can do to help manage it effectively.
What is GOLPP in dogs?
GOLPP stands for Geriatric Onset Laryngeal Paralysis and Polyneuropathy. It is a progressive, degenerative neurologic condition seen in aging dogs. Unlike isolated laryngeal paralysis, GOLPP also affects the nerves controlling the back legs and, in some cases, other parts of the body. This results in a combination of breathing problems and mobility issues.
The condition is thought to be similar to a slow-developing form of ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) in humans. However, GOLPP progresses much more slowly and can often be managed for years with the right support.
What are the early and advanced symptoms of GOLPP in dogs?
GOLPP starts subtly and gets worse over time. Recognizing the early signs can help you act before the condition causes serious problems.
Early symptoms:
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Hoarse or raspy bark
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Loud breathing sounds, especially during exercise or in warm weather
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Mild hind leg weakness
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Slower walking or reduced endurance
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Panting more than usual
Progressive or advanced symptoms:
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Gagging or coughing, especially after eating or drinking
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Struggling to breathe during excitement or exercise
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Rear limb ataxia (uncoordinated movements)
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Difficulty standing up or climbing stairs
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Muscle loss in the back legs
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Partial or full collapse during exertion
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Aspiration pneumonia (a potentially life-threatening complication)
Many dogs with GOLPP will show a combination of breathing difficulty and mobility loss. This dual presentation often confuses dog owners who may attribute the signs to general aging or arthritis.
What causes GOLPP in dogs?
The exact cause of GOLPP is not fully understood, but it is widely accepted to be a degenerative polyneuropathy. That means the peripheral nerves slowly lose function over time. The condition is not just limited to the larynx but also affects the nerves that control the esophagus and rear limbs.
Veterinary neurologists believe GOLPP is inherited in some breeds. The underlying trigger may be genetic, but the onset usually occurs in senior dogs, often between 9 and 13 years of age.
Other contributing factors may include:
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Age-related nerve degeneration
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Genetic predisposition
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Environmental stressors
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Nutritional imbalances (still being studied)
Importantly, GOLPP is not caused by trauma, infection, or cancer. It is not the same as acute laryngeal paralysis caused by injury or nerve damage.
Which dog breeds are most at risk for GOLPP?
GOLPP is most commonly diagnosed in large-breed, older dogs. While it can occur in any breed, certain breeds appear to have a higher risk due to genetic and size-related factors.
Breeds most commonly affected:
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Labrador Retrievers (the most frequently diagnosed breed)
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Golden Retrievers
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German Shepherds
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Newfoundlands
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St. Bernards
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Greyhounds
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Bernese Mountain Dogs
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Standard Poodles
Owners of these breeds should be especially alert to early signs, especially as their dogs reach 8 to 10 years of age.
How is GOLPP diagnosed in dogs?
Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical history, physical exams, and specialized testing. Most general veterinarians will refer to a board-certified veterinary neurologist or internist for confirmation.
Common diagnostic steps include:
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Physical and neurological exam: To assess laryngeal function and hind limb coordination.
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Laryngoscopy under sedation: To visualize the vocal folds and confirm paralysis.
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Electrodiagnostics: Tests like electromyography (EMG) may be used to assess nerve function.
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X-rays or CT scans: To rule out other causes of weakness or respiratory distress.
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Blood tests and urinalysis: To evaluate overall health and screen for other issues.
Because GOLPP involves multiple systems, diagnosis often requires a full work-up rather than a single test.
What treatment options are available for dogs with GOLPP?
There is currently no cure for GOLPP, but several treatment options can greatly improve a dog's comfort, mobility, and quality of life. Treatment often involves a combination of surgical, medical, and supportive care approaches.
Surgical option: Arytenoid lateralization (“tie-back” surgery)
This procedure improves airflow by permanently holding one side of the larynx open. It is considered the gold standard surgical treatment for the laryngeal paralysis component of GOLPP.
Pros:
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Helps dogs breathe more comfortably
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Reduces risk of collapse during activity
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Can be life-extending
Cons:
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Increased risk of aspiration pneumonia
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Does not address hind limb weakness
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Requires strict post-operative management
Surgery should be considered in dogs with significant breathing issues, but it does not resolve the neurologic progression affecting the rear limbs.
Non-surgical management and supportive care
Dogs not undergoing surgery can still live comfortably with proper care.
Management strategies include:
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Weight management to reduce strain on joints and muscles
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Avoiding heat and strenuous exercise
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Using a harness instead of a collar
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Soft or blended food to reduce aspiration risk
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Anti-inflammatory supplements (e.g., omega-3 fatty acids)
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Physical therapy and hydrotherapy to preserve muscle strength
How can a dog wheelchair help dogs with GOLPP?
Since GOLPP affects the nerves controlling the back legs, mobility loss becomes one of the most difficult aspects of the condition. Over time, dogs may struggle to walk, maintain balance, or stand for long periods. This is where a properly fitted, lightweight dog wheelchair can make a significant difference.
Benefits of a custom-built K9 Carts dog wheelchair for GOLPP include:
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Restores independent mobility
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Prevents further muscle atrophy by allowing light exercise
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Reduces risk of injury from falling or dragging limbs
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Provides mental stimulation by allowing movement
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Custom fitting ensures comfort and minimizes strain on the front limbs
Unlike generic wheelchairs, K9 Carts are designed with veterinary insight and are tailored to a dog’s exact dimensions and needs. This is especially important for dogs with progressive neurologic conditions like GOLPP, where the right fit can greatly improve mobility and reduce discomfort.
Early introduction of a wheelchair often yields the best results. Even dogs with mild weakness can benefit from part-time use, which helps maintain muscle tone and quality of life for longer.
What is the long-term outlook for dogs diagnosed with GOLPP?
The prognosis for GOLPP varies depending on how early it’s diagnosed and how well it’s managed. Many dogs live comfortably for several years after diagnosis with the right combination of care, lifestyle changes, and mobility support.
Dogs with severe laryngeal paralysis may be at risk for sudden breathing crises or aspiration pneumonia, which can be life-threatening if not treated quickly. However, with surgery and proper post-op care, these risks can be minimized.
Mobility loss from the polyneuropathy component is gradual. Dog wheelchairs, physical therapy, and home modifications can keep dogs active and pain-free even as symptoms progress.
Quality of life is the key focus. By closely monitoring symptoms, adjusting care plans as needed, and using tools like canine wheelchairs, most dogs with GOLPP can remain happy, mobile, and engaged well into their senior years.
Supporting your dog with GOLPP: A compassionate approach
Living with GOLPP means paying attention to subtle changes, being proactive about care, and adapting your home and routines to support your dog’s needs. Breathing and mobility challenges can be daunting, but with the right veterinary care, equipment, and commitment, you can help your dog continue to enjoy a full and comfortable life.
Custom dog wheelchairs play a vital role in preserving independence for dogs with progressive neurologic conditions. Every dog deserves the chance to move freely, explore safely, and live without pain. With the right tools and knowledge, that is possible — even with GOLPP.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between GOLPP and laryngeal paralysis in dogs?
GOLPP (Geriatric Onset Laryngeal Paralysis and Polyneuropathy) includes laryngeal paralysis as one symptom, but it also involves a progressive polyneuropathy that affects the nerves in the rear limbs and other systems. In contrast, isolated laryngeal paralysis affects only the vocal cords and does not impact limb function.
GOLPP is considered a more complex, systemic condition that progresses over time. If a dog has laryngeal paralysis and also shows hind limb weakness or coordination problems, GOLPP is likely the underlying cause.
How can I tell if my senior dog has GOLPP or is just slowing down with age?
Slowing down with age is normal, but GOLPP has specific signs that go beyond typical aging. These include noisy breathing, a hoarse bark, hind limb weakness, difficulty getting up, and uncoordinated movement. Dogs with GOLPP may also cough when eating or drinking and tire easily during walks.
Normal aging doesn’t usually involve breathing changes or significant nerve dysfunction. If you notice two or more of these symptoms, schedule a veterinary exam for a more accurate diagnosis.
Can GOLPP in dogs be prevented?
There is currently no known way to prevent GOLPP, especially in breeds genetically predisposed to it. It is a degenerative nerve condition most commonly linked to age and breed. While prevention is not possible, early detection and supportive care can significantly improve long-term outcomes.
Maintaining your dog at a healthy weight, providing regular exercise, and focusing on nerve-supportive nutrition may help delay symptom progression, but these steps cannot stop the condition from developing.
Is GOLPP in dogs painful?
GOLPP is not typically considered painful in the early stages, but it can become uncomfortable as mobility declines and secondary complications develop. Dogs may experience fatigue, stress from labored breathing, or frustration due to mobility limitations. If muscle atrophy progresses, joint strain and weakness can add discomfort.
Owners often report a drop in energy, engagement, and activity. Pain is not a hallmark of GOLPP itself, but managing your dog’s comfort through physical therapy and mobility support is still essential.
How fast does GOLPP progress in dogs?
The progression of GOLPP varies by dog, but it typically develops slowly over months to years. Most dogs show subtle symptoms at first, such as hind limb weakness or noisy breathing, which become more noticeable over time. Some dogs live comfortably for two to three years after diagnosis with proper management.
The laryngeal paralysis component may require earlier intervention, while the rear limb polyneuropathy tends to progress at a slower pace.
What should I feed a dog with GOLPP?
Dogs with GOLPP should be fed soft or blended foods to reduce the risk of aspiration, especially if they experience gagging or coughing while eating. High-quality, easily digestible foods that support nerve and muscle health are ideal. Omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and B vitamins may support nerve function.
Feeding dogs in an elevated position and allowing them to rest quietly afterward can also help prevent choking or aspiration pneumonia.
What are the risks of tie-back surgery for GOLPP?
Tie-back surgery, or arytenoid lateralization, is generally safe but does come with risks. The most significant risk is aspiration pneumonia, which occurs when food or water enters the lungs due to the permanently opened airway. Other risks include inflammation, suture failure, or worsening neurologic symptoms unrelated to the airway.
Dogs with advanced polyneuropathy may benefit less from surgery since the hind limb issues will continue to progress.
When is the right time to consider a dog wheelchair for GOLPP?
The best time to introduce a wheelchair is when your dog begins to show signs of hind limb weakness or fatigue, even if they can still walk on their own. Early use of a wheelchair helps maintain muscle strength, prevents falls, and allows dogs to stay active without overexerting themselves.
Waiting too long may result in severe muscle atrophy, making recovery more difficult.
Can physical therapy help dogs with GOLPP?
Yes, physical therapy is one of the most beneficial non-surgical treatments for GOLPP. It helps maintain muscle tone, improve coordination, and delay the effects of nerve degeneration. Common therapies include underwater treadmill sessions, assisted walking, range-of-motion exercises, and massage therapy.
A certified canine rehabilitation therapist can design a personalized program based on your dog’s condition and mobility level.
What is the life expectancy for a dog with GOLPP?
Life expectancy depends on the severity of symptoms, the dog’s overall health, and how well the condition is managed. With proper treatment, many dogs live 2 to 3 years or more after diagnosis. Dogs who undergo tie-back surgery and receive mobility support tend to have the best outcomes.
However, aspiration pneumonia and severe mobility loss are the most common reasons for reduced lifespan if not addressed early.
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